Abstract Background: Only a fraction of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) will eventually progress toward systemic disease (SLE). Objective: To find inflammatory biomarkers which could predict the progression of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Methods: Immunohistochemical markers for cytotoxic, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory responses and morphometric methods were applied to routine paraffin sections of skin biopsies, taken from lesions of 59 patients with discoid lupus, subacute lupus, and lupus tumidus. For the diagnosis of SLE, patients were classified by both the American College of Rheumatology (ACR-82) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC-12) systems. Results: Skin samples from CLE/SLE +patients presented higher expression of IL-1β (ARC-82: p = 0.024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0143) and a significantly higher number of cells marked with granzyme B and perforin (ARC: p = 0.0097; SLICC-12: p = 0.0148). Biopsies from CLE/SLE- individuals had higher expression of IL-17 (ARC-82: p = 0.0003; SLICC-12: p = 0.0351) and presented a positive correlation between the density of granzyme A+and FoxP3+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0257; SLICC-12: p = 0.0285) and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0075; SLICC-12: p = 0.0102), as well as between granulysin-positive and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0116). Study limitations: Patients were evaluated at a specific point in their evolution and according to the presence or not of systemic disease. The authors cannot predict how many more, from each group, would have evolved towards SLE in the following years. Conclusions: In this cohort, immunohistochemical findings suggested that patients with a tendency to systemic disease will show strong reactivity for IL-1β, while those with purely cutaneous involvement will tend to express IL-17 more intensely.

Resumo Objetiva-se compreender como as vítimas de violência sexual são acolhidas no sistema de saúde pública brasileiro após as mudanças legislativas de 2013. Realizou-se revisão integrativa de artigos disponíveis em bibliotecas virtuais, publicados de 2013 a fevereiro de 2022. Após leitura dos títulos, resumos e textos completos, foram excluídas publicações que não relacionam violência sexual ao atendimento em saúde pública. Realizou-se metassíntese em três eixos: capacitação profissional; protocolos de atendimento e acesso; e acessibilidade. Como resultado, apenas 14 artigos foram selecionados dentre os mais de 2 mil inicialmente identificados, com pesquisas em 21municípios das cinco regiões brasileiras, a maioria realizada em centros especializados no atendimento a vítimas de violência sexual. A maioria dos profissionais afirma não ter formação adequada, desconhecendo protocolos de atendimento, com exceção de alguns centros especializados e profissionais interessados no tema. Preconceito, falta de articulação entre serviços, má distribuição das redes de atendimento e fatores socioeconômicos dificultam o acesso e a acessibilidade das vítimas. Conclui-se que violência sexual é amplamente abordada em publicações, mas há poucos artigos que tratam do atendimento em saúde pública no Brasil. O despreparo e desconhecimento profissional ainda prevalecem, indicando a necessidade de mais estudos e capacitação qualificada.

Abstract We aim to understand how victims of sexual violence are welcomed in the Brazilian public health system after the legislative changes of 2013. An integrative review of articles available virtual libraries, published from 2013 to February 2022, was performed. After reading titles, abstracts, and full texts, publications that do not relate sexual violence to public health care were excluded. A meta-synthesis was executed in 3 axes: professional training; care and access protocols; and accessibility. As a result, only 14 articles were selected from the more than 2 thousand initially identified, with studies in 21 municipalities of the five Brazilian regions, most performed in centers specialized in assisting victims of sexual violence. Most professionals say they do not have adequate training, not knowing the care protocols, with the exception of some specialized centers and professionals interested in the topic. Prejudice, lack of coordination between services, poor distribution of care networks, and socioeconomic factors hinder the access and accessibility of victims. In conclusion, sexual violence is widely addressed in publications, but few articles deal with public health care in Brazil. Professional unpreparedness and lack of knowledge still prevail, indicating the need for more studies and qualification.

Abstract We aim to understand how victims of sexual violence are welcomed in the Brazilian public health system after the legislative changes of 2013. An integrative review of articles available virtual libraries, published from 2013 to February 2022, was performed. After reading titles, abstracts, and full texts, publications that do not relate sexual violence to public health care were excluded. A meta-synthesis was executed in 3 axes: professional training; care and access protocols; and accessibility. As a result, only 14 articles were selected from the more than 2 thousand initially identified, with studies in 21 municipalities of the five Brazilian regions, most performed in centers specialized in assisting victims of sexual violence. Most professionals say they do not have adequate training, not knowing the care protocols, with the exception of some specialized centers and professionals interested in the topic. Prejudice, lack of coordination between services, poor distribution of care networks, and socioeconomic factors hinder the access and accessibility of victims. In conclusion, sexual violence is widely addressed in publications, but few articles deal with public health care in Brazil. Professional unpreparedness and lack of knowledge still prevail, indicating the need for more studies and qualification.

Resumo Objetiva-se compreender como as vítimas de violência sexual são acolhidas no sistema de saúde pública brasileiro após as mudanças legislativas de 2013. Realizou-se revisão integrativa de artigos disponíveis em bibliotecas virtuais, publicados de 2013 a fevereiro de 2022. Após leitura dos títulos, resumos e textos completos, foram excluídas publicações que não relacionam violência sexual ao atendimento em saúde pública. Realizou-se metassíntese em três eixos: capacitação profissional; protocolos de atendimento e acesso; e acessibilidade. Como resultado, apenas 14 artigos foram selecionados dentre os mais de 2 mil inicialmente identificados, com pesquisas em 21municípios das cinco regiões brasileiras, a maioria realizada em centros especializados no atendimento a vítimas de violência sexual. A maioria dos profissionais afirma não ter formação adequada, desconhecendo protocolos de atendimento, com exceção de alguns centros especializados e profissionais interessados no tema. Preconceito, falta de articulação entre serviços, má distribuição das redes de atendimento e fatores socioeconômicos dificultam o acesso e a acessibilidade das vítimas. Conclui-se que violência sexual é amplamente abordada em publicações, mas há poucos artigos que tratam do atendimento em saúde pública no Brasil. O despreparo e desconhecimento profissional ainda prevalecem, indicando a necessidade de mais estudos e capacitação qualificada.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The number of bariatric surgeries performed worldwide is growing. Among the main short, medium or long-term complications after surgery are nutritional deficiencies. Many of these, such as those of Zn, Cu and vitamins A, B1, B3, B6 and B12, are manifested by dermatological lesions before potentially fatal systemic disorders occur. OBJECTIVE: To identify the main dermatological manifestations associated with nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery, and the associated variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Integrative literature review carried out at a public university in Brazil. METHODS: This was a case report and a review of health research portals and databases of national and international biomedical journals, without publication date limitation. The descriptors used for searches followed the ideal methodology for each database/search portal: “bariatric surgery”, “skin”, “skin disease”, “skin manifestation”, “deficiency disease” and “malnutrition”. RESULTS: A total of 59 articles were selected, among which 23 were review articles or articles that addressed specific dermatological manifestations. The other 36 articles described 41 cases, which were organized into a table with the clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Although nutritional deficiencies are expected as complications after bariatric surgery, few articles relating them to their dermatological manifestations were found. It is important to recognize skin changes caused by nutritional deficiencies in patients treated via bariatric surgery, as these may occur before systemic complications appear and are easier to diagnose when the patient does not have any systemic symptoms yet. However, there is generally a delay between the appearance of skin lesions and making the diagnosis of nutritional deficiency.

Resumen Objetivo. Presentamos los resultados de la investigación “Fundamentos teórico-metodológicos y posicionamiento ético-político en Trabajo Social: acción profesional críticamente referenciada hoy”. Analizamos los términos “práctica” y “experiencia”, a partir de concepciones y fundamentos teóricos utilizados por los autores. Metodología. Se analizaron 30 artículos, publicados en revistas del área de Trabajo Social en Brasil, de 2006 a 2016 y 3 tesis encontradas en el portal CAPES (2013-2019), redactadas por trabajadores sociales, cuyo contenido indicó la centralidad de los términos práctica y experiencia para referir a la acción profesional. También analizamos la relación entre “práctica” y “experiencia”, para comprender las similitudes y diferencias en la apropiación de estas terminologías. Resultados y conclusión. Encontramos que el abordaje de la práctica profesional, tema tratado en Trabajo Social desde la década de 1970, revela un cúmulo teórico que permite una mejor aprehensión del término, mientras que la discusión sobre la concepción de la experiencia profesional aún necesita mayor fundamento teórico.

Abstract Objective. The results of the research “Theorical-methodological Foundations and ethical-political positioning in Social Work: professional action critically referenced today” are presented in this article.The terms “practice” and “experience” are analyzed based on conceptions and theoretical foundations used by the authors. Methodology. A total of 30 articles published in journals of the Social Work area in Brazil, from 2006 to 2016, and 3 theses found on CAPES portal (2013-2019) written by social workers, whose content indicated the centrality of the terms “practice” and “experience” to refer to professional action, were analyzed. The relationship between “practice” and “experience” was also analyzed to understand the similarities and differences in the appropriation of these terminologies. Results and conclusion. It was found that the approach on professional practice, a topic discussed in Social Work since the 1970s, reveals a theoretical accumulation that allows a better apprehension of the term, while the discussion on the conception of professional experience still needs greater theoretical foundation.

Resumo Objetivo. Apresentamos parte dos resultados da pesquisa “Fundamentação teórico-metodológica e posicionamento ético-político no Serviço Social: a ação profissional referenciada criticamente na atualidade”. Analisamos as denominações “prática” e “experiência” profissional, a partir das concepções e fundamentações teóricas utilizadas pelas/os autoras/es. Metodologia. Foram analisados 30 artigos, publicados nas revistas da área de serviço social, no Brasil, no período de 2006-2016 e 3 teses identificadas no portal da CAPES (2013-2019), escritos por assistentes sociais, cujo conteúdo indicava a centralidade dos termos prática e experiência para referirse à ação profissional. Analisamos também a relação entre os termos “prática” e “experiência”, para compreender as semelhanças e diferenças na apropriação dessas terminologias. Resultados e conclusões. Constatamos que a abordagem sobre a prática profissional, tema discutido no serviço social desde 1970, revela um acúmulo teórico que possibilita uma melhor apreensão do termo, enquanto a discussão sobre a concepção de experiência profissional necessita ainda de maior fundamentação teórica.

Abstract In view of the epidemiological relevance of periodontal disease and chronic noncommunicable diseases, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between them through subclinical indicators of systemic risk in a population group with healthy habits, including alcohol and tobacco abstinence. A complete periodontal examination of six sites per tooth was performed in a sample of 420 participants from the Advento study (Sao Paulo), submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. Periodontitis was defined and classified based on the Community Periodontal Index score 3 (periodontal pocket = 4–5 mm) and score 4 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm). The prevalence of mild/moderate and severe periodontitis was 20% and 8.2%, respectively. Both categories of periodontal disease had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein, calcium score, and calcium percentile, whereas blood glucose after tolerance test was significantly higher among people with severe periodontitis and HDL-c levels were lower (p < 0.05). Young adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Besides these conditions, the older adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis. The group with periodontitis had also a higher coronary heart disease risk based on the PROCAM score (p < 0.05). The results indicated associations of periodontitis with several systemic indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and highlighted the need for multiprofessional measures in the whole care of patients.

Resumo Introdução Poucos estudos avaliaram a prevalência e os fatores associados a comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em universitários de baixa renda no Brasil. Objetivo Investigar a prevalência simultânea de comportamentos de risco para DCNT (inatividade física, consumo infrequente de frutas e vegetais, consumo excessivo de álcool e tabagismo) nessa população. Método Estudo transversal, conduzido em 2013, com 766 estudantes residentes em moradia estudantil da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A prevalência simultânea de comportamentos de risco foi avaliada a partir do somatório dos comportamentos avaliados. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar fatores associados com 3 ou mais comportamentos de risco simultaneamente. Resultados Observou-se que 1,8% dos estudantes não apresentou comportamentos de risco, enquanto 19,5%, 49,3%, 24,9% e 4,5% apresentaram um, dois, três ou quatro comportamentos de risco, respectivamente. Sexo masculino (RP = 1,35; IC95%: 1,08-1,69), excesso de peso no geral (RP = 1,37; IC95%: 1,08-1,73) e histórico de morbidade apenas nos homens (RP = 2,09; IC95%: 1,52-2,87) foram associados à simultaneidade de comportamentos de risco. A combinação envolvendo todos os fatores de risco teve prevalência acima do esperado (O/E = 1,76; IC95%: 1,24-2,50). Conclusão A prevalência simultânea de comportamentos de risco em universitários de baixa renda é elevada, conhecimento que pode auxiliar na formulação de programas de prevenção e intervenções.

Abstract Background Few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among low-income undergraduate students in Brazil. Objective To investigate the co-occurrence of the main behavioral risk factors for NCDs (physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetables intake, binge drinking and smoking) in this population. Method Cross-sectional study was carried out during 2013, with 766 undergraduate students living in student housing at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The simultaneous prevalence of risk factors was evaluated by a score created from the sum of individual behaviors. Poisson regression was applied for evaluating the associated factors with ≥3 risk factors, simultaneously. Results It was observed that 1.8% of students show no risk factor, while 19.5%, 49.3%, 24.9% and 4.5% presented one, two, three and four risk factors, respectively. Male (PR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.08-1.69), overweight/obesity (PR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.08-1.73) and morbidity history (PR=2.09; 95%CI: 1.52-2.87), only in males, were associated with the co-occurrence of risk factors. The combination involving all four risk factors showed a higher prevalence than the expected (O/E=1.76: 95%CI: 1.24-2.50). Conclusion The simultaneous prevalence of risk factors in low-income college students was high, this finding that may help in the formulation of prevention programs and interventions.

RESUMO A ferrugem asiática da soja (FAS), causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, é uma das doenças mais severas na cultura. Dentre as estratégias para seu manejo propõe-se a utilização de genótipos com resistência horizontal ou parcial, ainda restritos no mercado, mas promissores pela durabilidade da resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de diferentes genótipos de soja à ferrugem asiática para futura utilização em programas de melhoramento. Na safra 2015/2016, foram avaliados 11 genótipos de soja provenientes do LAGER-UFU e a cultivar Desafio 8473 (padrão de suscetibilidade) frente à infecção artificial e natural de P. pachyrhizi no campo. Com os dados de severidade da FAS, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). O percentual de área foliar afetada e os valores da AACPD dos genótipos avaliados oscilaram de 1,56 a 80,75 e de 380,62 a 975,62, respectivamente. Os genótipos L-210, L-166, L-268, L-203, L-279, L-224, L-216 e L-218 apresentam menores valores de AACPD, indicando resistência parcial, enquanto os genótipos L-144, L-104, L-266 e a cv. Desafio 8473 apresentaram maiores valores de AACPD, portanto, com menor resistência parcial ou suscetíveis. Ainda assim, os genótipos L-144, L-104 e L-266 apresentaram coeficientes de progresso da severidade da doença de 1,8 a 2,0 vezes menores comparativamente à cv. Desafio 8473. Conclui-se que os genótipos do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFU (LAGER-UFU), apresentam potencial de utilização no desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja resistentes à P. pachyrhizi.

ABSTRACT Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the most severe diseases that affect the crop. Among management strategies is the use of genotypes with horizontal or partial resistance, which are still restricted in the market but promising due to their resistance durability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of different genotypes to Asian soybean rust for future use in breeding programs. In the 2015/2016 crop season, 11 soybean genotypes from LAGER-UFU and cv. Desafio8473 (susceptibility pattern) were evaluated for artificial and natural infection by P. pachyrhizi in the field. ASR severity data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The percentage of affected leaf area and the AUDPC values of the evaluated genotypes ranged from 1.56 to 80.75% and from 380.62 to 975.62, respectively. The genotypes L-210, L-166, L-268, L-203, L-279, L-224, L-216 and L-218 have lower AUDPC values, indicating partial resistance, while the genotypes L-144, L-104, L-266 and cv. Desafio 8473 showed higher AUDPC values and therefore lower partial resistance or susceptibility. Even so, the genotypes L-144, L-104 and L-266 showed coefficients of disease severity progress 1.8 to 2.0-fold lower than those of cv. Desafio 8473. In conclusion, the genotypes from UFU Breeding Program (LAGER-UFU) showed potential to be used in the development of soybean cultivars resistant to P. pachyrhizi.

Resumo Introdução A perda de inserção clínica periodontal (PIP) tem sido indicada como parâmetro determinante para o estudo de indicadores de risco de periodontite crônica. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência, severidade e extensão de PIP em um grupo populacional que se abstém de álcool e tabaco, além de avaliar associações com características sociodemográficas e comportamentais dos participantes. Método Uma amostra de 420 indivíduos adultos, participantes do Estudo Advento (São Paulo), foi submetida ao exame periodontal de seis sítios por dente e respondeu um questionário estruturado. As associações foram verificadas por meio de análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultado A prevalência de periodontite foi de 20,7% e de gengivite, 38,8%; a PIP média foi de 1,38 mm (± 0,5) e a perda dental, 5,4 (± 9,0). A prevalência de PIP ≥ 3 mm, ≥ 4 mm e ≥ 6 mm foi de 69,7%, 31,7% e 9,6% dos indivíduos, e 11,4%, 4,4% e 1,2% dos dentes por indivíduo, respectivamente. Houve associação significativa de PIP ≥ 4 mm com sexo masculino, idade superior a 55 anos, baixa escolaridade, placa visível, autocuidado irregular, falta de orientação em higiene bucal e doença sistêmica referida. Para PIP ≥ 6 mm, foi observada maior razão de chances para as variáveis idade e doença sistêmica. Conclusão O grupo populacional estudado apresentou baixa extensão e severidade de PIP, possivelmente pelas características da amostra. As associações de risco encontradas confirmam a necessidade de atenção integral ao paciente, incluindo o incentivo à prevenção e ao controle de doenças crônicas, ao lado de orientações específicas para higiene bucal.

Abstract Introduction Clinical attachment loss (CAL) has been indicated as a determining parameter for the study of risk indicators of chronic periodontitis. Objective To describe the prevalence, severity and extent of CAL in a population group that abstains from alcohol and tobacco use and to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of participants. Method A sample of 420 adult individuals, participants of the Advento Study (São Paulo) were submitted to a periodontal examination of six sites per tooth and answered a structured questionnaire. Associations were verified by multiple logistic regression analysis. Result Prevalence of periodontitis was 20.7% and gingivitis 38.8%; mean CAL was 1.38mm (±0.5) and dental loss 5.4 (±9.0). Prevalence of CAL ≥3 mm, ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm was 69.7%, 31.7% and 9.6% of the individuals, affecting 11.4%, 4.4% and 1.2% of the teeth per individual, respectively. After adjustments, there was a significant association of CAL ≥4 mm with males, over 55 years of age, low education, visible plaque, irregular self-care, lack of oral hygiene guidance and reported systemic disease. For CAL ≥6 mm, there was a higher odds ratio for the variables age group and systemic disease. Conclusion The population group studied presented low extension and severity of CAL, possibly due to the sample characteristics. The risk associations found confirm the need for comprehensive patient care, including encouraging prevention and control of chronic diseases, along with specific oral hygiene guidelines.

Abstract The pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food processing plants for many years, even when appropriate hygienic measures are in place, with potential for contaminating ready-to-eat products and, its ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces certainly contributes for the environmental persistence. In this research, L. monocytogenes was grown in biofilms up 8 days attached to stainless steel and glass surfaces, contributing for advancing the knowledge on architecture of mature biofilms, since many literature studies carried out on this topic considered only early stages of cell adhesion. In this study, biofilm populations of two strains of L. monocytogenes (serotypes 1/2a and 4b) on stainless steel coupons and glass were examined using regular fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and classic culture method. The biofilms formed were not very dense and microscopic observations revealed uneven biofilm structures, with presence of exopolymeric matrix surrounding single cells, small aggregates and microcolonies, in a honeycomb-like arrangement. Moreover, planktonic population of L. monocytogenes (present in broth media covering the abiotic surface) remained stable throughout the incubation time, which indicates an efficient dispersal mechanism, since the culture medium was replaced daily. In conclusion, even if these strains of L. monocytogenes were not able to form thick multilayer biofilms, it was noticeable their high persistence on abiotic surfaces, reinforcing the need to focus on measures to avoid biofilm formation, instead of trying to eradicate mature biofilms.

Resumo Vinte e dois equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 8 fêmeas e 14 machos, 4,88±2,42 anos e 429,1±31,9 kg, foram avaliados antes (T0) e imediatamente após (T1) e com 30 (T2) e 120 minutos (T3) após uma prova de três tambores para determinar a influência do exercício físico sobre o volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e a amplitude da distribuição do tamanho dos eritrócitos (RDW). Variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância e a comparações entre médias pelo teste de Tukey e a comparações entre machos e fêmeas pelo teste-t, considerando-se p<0,05. Os valores de VCM foram 46,5±2,0 fl, 47,6±2,2 fl, 46,6±1,8 fl e 46,7±1,9 fl em machos e 46,3±0,6 fl, 47,7±0,9 fl, 46,7±0,8 fl e 46,4±0,8 fl em fêmeas, respectivamente, em T0, T1, T2 e T3. Para RDW, foram registrados valores de 28,8±8,1%, 30,8±9,5%, 28,2±8,1% e 26,6±8,0% em machos e 28,0±7,3%, 27,1±8,1%, 28,1±8,1% e 28,6±7,2%, em fêmeas, respectivamente, em T0, T1, T2 e T3. Houve aumento significativo somente de VCM nos equinos de ambos os sexos. Não foram observadas diferenças entre machos e fêmeas para VCM e RDW. Foi possível concluir que o exercício físico imposto levou a uma macrocitose homogênea.

Abstract Twenty-two Quarter Horses, eight females and 14 males, 4.88±2.42 years old and weighting 430.0±31.4 kg, were evaluated before (T0), 5 minutes (T1), 30 minutes (T2), and 120 minutes (T3) after a barrel racing exercise to determine the influence of physical exercise on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Variables were analyzed and comparisons were made using Tukey test, considering p<0.05. Comparisons between males and females were done using t-test. Mean MCV values were 46.5 ± 2.0 fl for T0, 47.6 ± 2.2 fl for T1, 46.6 ± 1.8 fl for T2, and 46.7 ± 1.9 fl for T3 for males, and 46.3 ± 0.6 fl on T0, 47.7 ± 0.9 fl on T1, 46.7 ± 0.8 fl on T2, and 46.4 ± 0.8 fl on T2 for females. Mean RDW values were 28.8 ± 8.1% for T0, 30.8 ± 9.5% for T1, 28.2 ± 8.1% for T2, and 26.6 ± 8.0% for T3 for males, and 28.0 ± 7.3% for T0, 27.1 ± 8.1% for T1, 28.1 ± 8.1% for T2, and 28.6 ± 7.2% for T3 on females. A significant increase for MCV on both males and females was observed. No differences were observed between values recorded on males and females for MCV and RDW. It was possible to conclude the physical activity imposed on the present research leaded to a homogeneous macrocytosis.